Data Collection Procedure
- Park area and industries presented in the park: Data were obtained from public sources. Almost all parks involved in the analysis provided this information on their websites. In a few cases, park areas were calculated using Google Earth.
- Investment in the park: Only about 50% of parks published this information on their websites. Other sources of this data included industry associations and national registers of industrial parks.
- GHG emissions in the parks: Very few parks provided this information, and even when information was available, it was inaccurate or inconsistent. Therefore, the following process was used to obtain consistent and comparable GHG emissions for the parks:
- Average per capita GHG emissions by sector by country were obtained from the following source. The data were for 2020 as original GHG data are compiled by individual countries with significant delay.
- GHG emissions by park per capita were calculated based on industries presented in the park. If a breakdown for investment for different industries in the park was available, GHG emissions were calculated proportionally to the investments. Otherwise, GHG emissions per capita were calculated as an average of emissions for industries presented in the park.
- GHG emissions by park per capita were multiplied by country population. Total GHG emissions for parks were calculated based on a ratio of investment in the park and gross fixed capital formation for the country.
- Absolute quantities of GHG emissions obtained using the above formula may be not representative as park emissions could be different than average emissions per industry. Therefore, absolute GHG emissions were divided by investment in the park. GHG emissions per dollar of investment was then used as a comparison metric.
- Wages for management and workers and minimum wages were used in both ESG scoring and Performance scoring but with different weights. Wage data were obtained from public sources for different countries and are based on statistical assessment of job offerings for the countries compiled by employment agencies.
- Female workforce participation was calculated based on country data.
- Labor force availability was calculated based on country data.
- Distances to rail, major airport, and highways were obtained from park information via official park websites. If this information was not available, it was calculated using Google Maps for each park individually.
- Waste recycled and water treatment were calculated based on country data. The sources are individual for each country.
- The presence and nature of sustainable storm/rainwater collection/harvesting (i.e., culverts/drains, cisterns/tanks, etc.), management, treatment (e.g., filter, water hyacinth, etc.), and re-use systems was obtained from country data. The sources are individual for each country.
- Fresh water consumption per dollar of investment is calculated based on a process similar to GHG emissions calculation: i.e., water consumption was allocated to individual parks based on park investment and gross fixed capital formation source.
- Hazardous waste generated per dollar of investment was calculated based on a process similar to GHG emissions calculation: i.e., hazardous waste generated was allocated to individual parks based on park investment and gross fixed capital formation sources.
- Green building certification and availability of dedicated financial or tax incentives for green building within the industrial park were obtained from country data. The sources are individual for each country.
- Percentage of renewables in power generation (e.g., wind, solar, etc.) was obtained from country data. The sources are individual for each country.